Pentagon concern at China's rising military muscle
WASHINGTON (AFP) — An annual Pentagon report on China on Monday said Beijing's lack of transparency posed risks to stability, voicing concern over how it would use its expanding military power.
China was developing cruise and ballistic missiles capable of striking aircraft carriers and other warships at sea, has tested an anti-satellite weapon and had fielded new intercontinental ballistic missiles, the report said.
"Much uncertainty surrounds China's future course, in particular in the area of its expanding military power and how that power might be used," it added.
The international community also has limited knowledge of the motivations, decision-making and key capabilities that supports China's military modernization.
"The lack of transparency in China's military and security affairs poses risks to stability by increasing the potential for misunderstanding and miscalculation," the report said.
"This situation will naturally lead to hedging against the unknown."
The Pentagon estimated China's total military spending in 2007 at between 97 and 139 billion dollars, more than double China's declared budget of 45 billion dollars, which rose by 17.8 percent in 2007 over the previous year.
The report said China's military modernization was being driven in the near-term by preparations for contingencies in the Taiwan Strait, including the possibility of US intervention in a crisis.
"However, analysis of China's military acquisitions and strategic thinking suggests Beijing is also developing capabilities for use in other contingencies such as conflict over resources or disputed territories," it said.
The pace and scope of China's military transformation have increased in recent years thanks to foreign weapons, high rates of investment in defense and science and technology industries, and far-reaching reforms of its military, the report said.
"China's expanding and improving military capabilities are changing East Asian military balances; improvements in China's strategic capabilities have implications beyond the Asia-Pacific region," the report said.
Among other things, the report said the Chinese are developing "counterspace" capabilities to prevent potential adversaries from using space-based assets in a crisis.
As examples, it cited China's use of a ballistic missile to destroy a low orbiting weather satellite in a January 2007 test, as well as civilian space programs with military applications.
In discussing China's cyberwarfare capability, the report said numerous intrusions into computer networks around the world, including US government computer networks, appear to have originated from within China.
"Although it is unclear if these intrusions were conducted by, or with the endorsement of, the PLA or other elements of the PRC government, developing capabilities for cyberwarfare is consistent with authoritative PLA writings on this subject," the report said.
It said China has the most active cruise and ballistic missile program in the world.
It is acquiring large numbers of highly accurate ground- and sea-launched cruise missiles and deploying short-range ballistic missiles opposite Taiwan at a rate of 100 missiles a year, according to the report.
China is also developing a variant of the CSS-5 medium range ballistic missile with a range of 1,500 kilometers (930 miles) "to provide the PLA with the capability to attack ships at sea, including aircraft carriers, from great distances," the report said.
Although the situation in the Taiwan Strait remains stable, the balance of military power continues to shift in China's favor, the report warned.
As of November, China had between 990 and 1,070 short range ballistic missiles deployed to garrisons opposite Taiwan, and it has 490 combat aircraft within un-refueled operational range of the island, the report said.
"Many of these aircraft are upgrades of older models; however, newer, and more advanced, aircraft make up a growing percentage of the inventory," it said.
